
Does your child have trouble spelling words? If so, don't rush to conclude that they are lazy. There is a possibility that your child may be experiencing a learning disorder or dyslexia. Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that affects the ability to read, write, and spell. This condition is caused by a neurological disorder in the brainstem that processes language. Although it is not related to intelligence, this condition is lifelong and can be experienced by both children and adults, making it a daily challenge for them.
Although dyslexia are a lifelong condition, there is a lot of support available to improve reading and writing skills for those with dyslexia, which can enable them to succeed in school and work. Emotional support from loved ones is also very important. Most children with dyslexia can achieve success in school with the help of tutoring or special education programs. 1
Causes of Dyslexia
The exact cause of dyslexia is not yet known, but it is believed to be closely related to genetic factors. The risk of dyslexia increases if there is a family history of dyslexia.
Some factors that increase the risk of dyslexia include:2
- Premature birth or low birth weight.
- Having a family history of dyslexia.
- Exposure to nicotine, alcohol, drugs, or infections during pregnancy.
- Injury or trauma to the brain.
- Abnormalities in the brain structures responsible for thinking and processing words.
Symptoms of Dyslexia
Here are some symptoms of dyslexia to be aware of1
1. Difficulty Reading
Children with dyslexia often struggle to learn to read despite having normal intelligence. They may appear slower and work harder at reading, learning letters, pronouncing or guessing letters or numbers, and positioning letter toys
2. Difficulty Speaking
Children with dyslexia often have difficulty speaking, taking longer to learn how to talk. They frequently mispronounce words or struggle to distinguish between different sounds.
3. Slow Development
Children with dyslexia often experience slower development compared to their peers. They may take longer learning to crawl, walk, or talk.
4. Difficulty Coordinating Body Movements
Children with dyslexia often have difficulty coordinating their body movements, which can make them appear weaker compared to their peers. For example, they may struggle to coordinate their eye and hand movements, as seen when they try to catch a ball.
5. Difficulty Concentrating and Susceptibility to Illness
Children with dyslexia often have difficulty concentrating and are prone to frequent illnesses. They are also more susceptible to allergies, fever, eczema, or asthma.
How to Manage Dyslexia
Currently, there is no way to prevent dyslexia. However, individuals with a family history of dyslexia are advised to seek premarital counseling before planning a pregnancy to assess the risk of their child developing dyslexia. Although dyslexia are a lifelong condition, early detection and intervention can significantly aid in the learning process. Self-help efforts that can support individuals with dyslexia, especially children, include: 3
- Encourage children to read books from an early age.
- Read books to the child.
- Engage the child in interaction or sing while reading books together.
- Discuss the content of the book with the child.
- Make reading time enjoyable
Children with dyslexia are not incapable, rather, they possess extraordinary abilities. Their skills need to be honed and developed through the right methods to help them thrive. Parents of children with dyslexia should begin to pay closer attention to their needs. Provide appropriate guidance and instruction to ensure that the child can develop in accordance with their developmental age.
Reference
- - Makarim, Fadhli; Disleksia. Last reviewed: 2022. Available at: https://www.halodoc.com/kesehatan/disleksia
- - Siloam Hospital Medical Team: Disleksia pada Anak, Ketahui Penyebab dan Cara Mengatasinya. Last reviewed: 09 November 2023. Available at: https://www.siloamhospitals.com/informasi-siloam/artikel/apa-itu-disleksia
- - Pittara: Disleksia. Last reviewed: 17 Januari 2022. Available at: https://www.alodokter.com/disleksia
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