Many people still think that low blood pressure and anemia are the same conditions. In fact, the two have fundamental differences, both in terms of definition, causes, symptoms, and handling.2
Difference in Definition
Low blood pressure (hypotension):
Hypotension is a condition when the blood pressure in the arteries is below the normal limit, which is less than 90/60 mmHg. The number 90 indicates blood pressure when the heart contracts (systolic), while 60 indicates pressure when the heart relaxes (diastolic).2
Lack of Blood (Anemia):
Anemia is a condition when the body lacks red blood cells or hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the blood are below normal. Hemoglobin is a protein in erythrocytes that functions to carry oxygen throughout the body. In adults, anemia is diagnosed if Hb levels are below 13.5 gr/dl for men and 12 gr/dl for women.2.3
To find out the value of systolic and diastolic pressure, it is enough to use a tool called a sphygmomanometer or sphygmomanometer. Meanwhile, to find out the number of erythrocytes, further examination in the laboratory is needed.2
Cause
Hypotension:
Low blood pressure can be caused by dehydration (loss of body fluids due to vomiting or diarrhea), pregnancy, severe infections, consumption of certain medications, bleeding, heart disease, diabetes, or thyroid hormone disorders.1.3
Anemia:
Lack of blood or anemia occurs when the body lacks hemoglobin. The main cause is iron deficiency (iron deficiency anemia), but it can also be caused by vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, bleeding, pregnancy, bone marrow failure to produce blood cells, excessive destruction of red blood cells, and chronic kidney disease.1.3
Symptom
The symptoms of low blood pressure and anemia are often thought to be the same, which can be confusing. Here's the difference:3
- Hypotension: Dizziness, weakness, blurred vision, cold skin, difficulty concentrating, fainting.
- Anemia: Weakness, paleness, shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat, headache, cold hands/feet, brittle nails, hair loss (especially iron deficiency anemia).
Some symptoms such as dizziness, weakness, and paleness can appear in both conditions, so a medical examination is essential to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
- Low Blood Pressure Treatment:
Treatment depends on the cause. Generally, doctors recommend drinking enough water, consuming enough salt, exercising regularly, and taking certain medications if needed to raise blood pressure.3
- Blood Deficiency Treatment:
Treatment is tailored to the cause. If due to a deficiency of iron, folic acid, or vitamin B12, supplements are given and the consumption of nutritious foods such as meat, liver, green vegetables, and fruits is recommended. If it is caused by impaired erythrocyte production, erythropoietin hormone injections or blood transfusions may be given if Hb levels are very low.2
Conclusion
Low blood pressure (hypotension) and low blood (anemia) are two different conditions. Hypotension is related to blood pressure, while anemia is related to hemoglobin or red blood cell levels. Although the symptoms can be similar, the causes and treatments are different. If you experience complaints such as weakness, dizziness, or frequent fainting, immediately consult a medical professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Reference:
1. Fadli, R. It's not the same, it's the difference between less blood and low blood. Halodoc. March 24, 2021.https://www.halodoc.com/artikel/tidak-sama-ini-perbedaan-kurang-darah-dan-darah-rendah?srsltid=AfmBOoqnI2muqWncCRGhL7zR4g8uefpiI-xGpi-WRz6KcT8YvQoO-C3h
2. Pawestri, H.S. Make no mistake, it's the difference between low blood and low blood. Hello Healthy. January 10, 2024. https://hellosehat.com/sehat/gejala-umum/beda-darah-rendah-kurang-darah/
3. Sunur, I.C. The Difference Between Low Blood and Low Blood. Alodokter. January 29, 2023. https://www.alodokter.com/perbedaan-darah-rendah-dan-kurang-darah