Scoliosis is a spinal disorder characterized by a sideways curvature of the spine, measuring over 10 degrees on an X-ray, resulting in an "S" or "C" shape. In many cases, this musculoskeletal condition doesn't show any symptoms. However, as one ages, the spinal curvature may potentially worsen. ¹

Signs and Symptoms of Scoliosis

In mild cases, scoliosis may not present noticeable symptoms but can be observed through physical changes. Some signs and symptoms of scoliosis include: ¹

1. Shoulder asymmetry (Uneven shoulders)

2. The left and right sides of the pelvis are not level when standing upright.

3. One hip may be higher than the other when standing.

4. A shoulder blade may appear more prominent or protrude on one side of the body.

5. One leg may appear longer than the other when standing.

6. The head is not perfectly centred between the shoulders.

7. About 23% individuals with scoliosis may experience back pain.

 

Risk Factors for Scoliosis

In most cases, the exact cause of scoliosis remains unknown. However, certain factors can increase the risk, including: ²

1. While it can occur at any age, scoliosis is more common in children, adolescents, and the elderly.

2. Girls are at a higher risk of developing scoliosis compared to boys.

3. Family History. Although rare, having a family member with a history of scoliosis can elevate the risk.

 

Causes of Scoliosis

According to Mayo Clinic, the most common cause of scoliosis is yet to be identified. It appears to involve hereditary factors, as the disorder can sometimes run in families. ³ Less common causes include neuromuscular conditions, a disorders that affecting nerve and muscle function, such as muscles getting weaker and losing strength (muscular dystrophy) or cerebral palsy affecting muscle movement and coordination; congenital birth defect, spinal cord injury, infections, and osteoporosis. ¹

 

Preventing Scoliosis

Most cases of scoliosis cannot be prevented, especially when related to congenital defects or genetic issues. However, if osteoporosis underlies scoliosis, prevention methods may include: ¹

1. Consuming foods rich in calcium and vitamin D, such as green vegetables, fish, eggs, red meat, milk and yogurt fortified with vitamin D.

2. Engaging in regular physical activity, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption.

3. Considering bone-building medications if at risk of bone loss.

 

So far, correcting body posture has not been proven effective in preventing scoliosis. Nevertheless, maintaining proper posture is essential to prevent other spinal issues. ¹

 

Reference:

1. Puji, Aprinda. Sherlene, Santoso MD. Ariani Setiaputri, Karinta. Skoliosis. 2023. Hello Sehat. https://hellosehat.com/muskuloskeletal/tulang-sendi-lainnya/pengertian-skoliosis/

2. Editorial Halodoc. Skoliosis. 2023. Halodoc. https://www.halodoc.com/kesehatan/skoliosis

3. Mayo Clinic Staff. Scoliosis. 2023. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/scoliosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350716

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1. https://kliniktulangbelakang.com/skoliosis-pada-remaja-kurus-lebih-berisiko/