For both men and women, parenthood is characterized by major changes in social roles that co-occur with physiological (eg, inflammatory function), psychological (eg, stress), and behavioral (eg, sleep deprivation), increased stress and potential behavioral changes. The harmful ones include poor diet, low physical activity. These major changes mean that parenthood can have a long-lasting impact on shaping health.

Obesity is a condition that can interfere with the health of the body because the fat in the body is excessive so that it experiences accumulation or abnormal conditions. Based on several studies, women are 6 times more likely to suffer from obesity than men. In addition, based on data from Riskesdas (2018), the highest prevalence of obesity based on age group characteristics is experienced by women (46.7%) and men (15.7%). Meanwhile, according to occupation, housewives have the highest obesity prevalence, which is 36.3% based on Riskesdas (2007).

Obesity in adult women mostly occurs in housewives. Obesity factors in housewives include low physical activity. Research conducted in 2014 on 200 housewives stated that low physical activity was a risk factor for obesity. Physical activity 45-60 minutes a day can prevent obesity.

Increased physical activity and diet can reduce the burden of obesity and cardiovascular disease, including type 2 diabetes, impaired tolerance including glucose, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. In contemporary populations, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increases more rapidly during young adulthood (15-35 years) than during any other age, especially among women.

Regular physical activity will increase the chance of a longer healthy life. Physical activity will burn energy from within the body. Thus, if the intake of calories into the body is excessive and is not balanced with balanced physical activity, it can cause the body to experience obesity.

Overweight and obesity are closely related to age, because as you get older, the metabolism that occurs in the body decreases and there will be biological changes, namely decreased physical activity, muscle function, and increased levels of fat in the body. The older you get, when you are less active, the muscle mass in your body tends to decrease. Loss of muscle causes a slowdown in the rate of calorie burning in the body.

Another factor that causes obesity in housewives is the use of hormonal contraceptives (injections, pills, and implants) in housewives causing weight gain. This is caused by an increase in the hormones estrogen and progestin in the body which causes fluid retention and increases appetite so that it can increase body weight.

Food intake is also influenced by a person's stressful state, when hypothalamic stress stimulates the pituitary gland to produce the hormone cortisol. The release of the hormone cortisol can encourage the brain to increase appetite. The heavier a person's stress, the higher the risk of obesity.

Pregnancy itself is known to trigger a decrease in health behavior and weight gain. Weight gain before, during, and after pregnancy not only affects pregnancy but can also be a major cause for future obesity in women. However, few studies have examined the long-term effects of parenthood on BMI and health behaviors such as diet and physical activity. The increase in BMI was 17% greater for older people relative to non-parents. Greater increase in BMI when you become a mother.

 

Sumber :  

 

NUR ARSI RAMADANI. PERILAKU MAKAN DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK IBU RUMAH TANGGA YANG KEGEMUKAN DAN OBESITAS DI KELURAHAN BUNGA TANJUNG KECAMATAN DATUK BANDAR TIMUR  KOTA TANJUNGBALAI. FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN. 2017.

Linda Apriaty, Nuryanto. FAKTOR RISIKO OBESITAS IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN BENDUNGAN KECAMATAN GAJAHMUNGKUR KOTA SEMARANG. Journal of Nutrition College. Volume 4, Nomor 2, Tahun 2015, Halaman 443-449.

Kirsten Corder. Becoming a parent: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of changes in BMI, diet, and physical activity. Obesity Reviews. 2020.

Erica P. Childbearing and Obesity in Women: Weight Before, During, and After Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2009 June ; 36(2): 317

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