HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that can weaken the immune system, while AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a disease where the immune system is very weak due to HIV infection so that the body is susceptible to infection and various serious diseases. If left untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS.1

Data from UNAIDS, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS, indicate that 38.4 million people (33.9 million to 43.8 million) worldwide living with HIV in 2021.2 In Indonesia, based on WHO data quoted in the Data and Information Center of the Indonesian Ministry of Health, in 2019, the number of HIV and AIDS cases reached 50,282. There has been an increase in the total number of HIV sufferers spread throughout the province, reaching 522,674 people by June 2022. Thus, there has been an increase in the percentage of cases by 13% in 3 years.3

HIV and AIDS are transmitted through bodily fluids, such as blood, breast milk (ASI), fluids secreted by the reproductive organs. Usually occurs as a result of sexual activity (homosexual and heterosexual without a condom), repeated and alternate use of injection needles (carried out using prohibited substances), as well as pregnant and breastfeeding mothers.3

It is critical to identify the early signs of HIV infection so that you can start treatment as soon as possible. Early-stage HIV symptoms that are frequently observed include :4

1. Fever

2. Headache

3. Fatigue

4. Muscle soreness

5. Gradual weight loss

6. Swollen lymph nodes in the groin, armpit, or throat

Typically, HIV infections take 2 to 15 years to manifest symptoms. The HIV infection may progress, worsen and eventually evolve into AIDS.4

The following are various AIDS symptoms that may manifest:

1. Symptoms of canker sores are characterized by a thick white coating on the tongue or mouth

2. Severe or recurrent vaginal yeast infections

3. Weight loss of more than 5 kg and not caused by exercise or diet

4. More frequent diarrhea

5. Frequent fever and night sweats

6. Often feel short of breath

7. Bleeding from the skin, mouth, nose, anus, or vagina for no particular reason

7. Frequent skin rashes

Thus, to prevent contracting this illness, adopt a healthy lifestyle and prevent transmission by doing some below action, such as: 3

1. Avoid dangerous sexual behavior, such as changing sex partners or not using condoms.

2. Steers clear of sharing needles and syringes. Therefore, syringes need to be disposable and sterile.

3. Look for reliable and up-to-date information regarding HIV and AIDS in medical facilities.

References :

Source Picture : https://www.alodokter.com/hiv-aids